TA 25 Fire, Fort Carson Military Reservation, Fort Carson, CO (April 2008)

“The most effective cost containment strategy is preventing fires from getting large.” Legislative Audit Division, State of Montana (December 2004)

Fire suppression expenditures are overwhelmingly centered on larger fires. “From 1980 through 2002 small fires (less than 300 acres) managed by the Forest Service totaled 98.6 % of the fires reported but represented only 6.2% of the total suppression expenditures. Larger fires (greater than 300 acres) represented 1.4% of the fires reported and a whopping 93.8% of the suppression expenditures.” Large Fire Suppression Costs: Strategies for Cost Management, A Report to the Wildland Fire Leadership Council From the Strategic Issues Panel on Fire Suppression Costs (August 2004).

Wildfire Suppression: Strategies for Containing Costs (National Academy of Public Administration, 2002)

Containing Wildland Fire Costs: Utilizing Local Firefighting Forces (National Academy of Public Administration, 2003)

Containing Wildland Fire Costs: Improving Equipment and Services Acquisition (National Academy of Public Administration, 2003)

Containing Wildland Fire Costs: Enhancing Hazard Mitigation Capacity (National Academy of Public Administration, 2004)

Costs Containment on Large Fires: Efficient Utilization of Wildland Fire Suppression Resources (NASF Forest Fire Protection Committee, 2000)

Consolidation of 2003 National and Regional Large Incident Strategic Assessment and Oversight Review Key Findings (September 22, 2003)

Large Fire Cost Reduction Action Plan (USDA FS, USDI & NASF, 2003)

Large Fire Suppression Costs – Strategies For Cost Management (Wildland Fire Leadership Council, 2004)

Testimony of James Caswell, Office of Species Conservation, State of Idaho and Kirk Rowdabaugh, State Forester of Arizona (Co-Chairmen, Strategic Issues Panel on Fire Suppression Costs) On behalf of the Western Governors’ Association before the Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests of the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (April 26, 2005)

Audit Report – Forest Service Large Fire Suppression Costs (USDA OIG, 2006)

Factors Affecting Fire Suppression Costs as Identified by Incident Management Teams (USDA FS, 2006)

Wildland Fire Management – Lack of Clear Goals or a Strategy Hinders Federal Agencies’ Efforts to Contain the Costs of Fighting Fires (GAO 2007)

Towards a Collaborative Cost Management Strategy: 2006 U. S. Forest Service Large Wildfire Cost Review Recommendations (The Brookings Institution, 2007)

Testimony of James Caswell, Co-Chair, Strategic Issues Panel on Fire Suppression Costs and Director, Office of Species Conservation, State of Idaho – United States Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (January 30, 2007)

Factors Influencing Large Wildland Fire Suppression Expenditures (International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2008)

CSFCA Wildland Fire Section